Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD): Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

What is Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD)?

Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) is a condition where the brain has trouble receiving and responding to information from the senses. For example, a person with SPD may find certain sounds, lights, or touches overwhelming. This can make daily life challenging. SPD is often seen in children, but adults can have it too. Early support and therapy, such as physiotherapy, can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

Common Symptoms and Signs of SPD

SPD can look different in each person. However, some common signs may include:

Overreacting to sounds, lights, or textures

Not noticing pain, heat, or cold

Clumsiness or trouble with balance

Difficulty with fine motor skills, like buttoning clothes

Strong dislike of certain foods due to texture

Seeking out intense movement, like spinning or jumping

Becoming upset in busy or noisy places

Sometimes, these symptoms can affect learning, play, and social life. But with the right help, many people learn to manage their symptoms.

Causes and Risk Factors

Experts do not know the exact cause of Sensory Processing Disorder. However, research suggests that both genes and environment may play a role. Some possible risk factors include:

Family history of SPD or related conditions

Premature birth or low birth weight

Complications during pregnancy or birth

Other developmental disorders, such as autism

Even though the cause is not always clear, early support can make a big difference.

How SPD is Diagnosed

Diagnosing SPD involves several steps. First, a healthcare provider will ask about symptoms and daily challenges. Next, they may use checklists or questionnaires. Sometimes, a team of specialists, including physiotherapists and occupational therapists, will observe how the person reacts to different sensory experiences. There is no single test for SPD. Instead, diagnosis is based on a full review of symptoms and behaviors. Early diagnosis helps guide the best treatment plan.

Treatment Options: Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Approaches

Treatment for Sensory Processing Disorder often includes physiotherapy and other rehabilitation methods. These therapies help people manage their sensory challenges and improve daily skills. Some common approaches are:

Sensory integration therapy: This uses fun activities to help the brain respond better to sensory input.

Physiotherapy exercises: These improve balance, strength, and coordination.

Movement-based therapy: Activities like jumping, swinging, or stretching help the body process sensations.

Home exercise programs: Therapists may teach families simple exercises to do at home.

With regular therapy, many people see progress over time. However, each person’s plan should be tailored to their needs.

Lifestyle Tips and Home Strategies for Managing SPD

There are many ways families can help manage SPD at home. For example:

Keep routines predictable and calm

Use soft lighting and quiet spaces when needed

Offer a variety of textures and activities for play

Encourage regular movement breaks during the day

Use headphones or earplugs in noisy places

Work with teachers to support sensory needs at school

With support, children and adults with SPD can thrive at home and in the community.

Prevention and Early Intervention

While SPD cannot always be prevented, early intervention can help reduce its impact. For instance, parents and teachers should watch for signs of sensory challenges. If you notice symptoms, seek help from a healthcare provider or physiotherapist. Early therapy can improve skills and confidence. In addition, learning about SPD helps families and caregivers provide better support.

Conclusion

Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) can affect daily life, but effective help is available. With early diagnosis, physiotherapy, and the right home strategies, many individuals can learn to manage their symptoms and improve their daily functioning.

Consult a qualified physiotherapist or healthcare professional at Eleve Therapy Hub for personalised advice and support in managing Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD).